Metabolic characterization of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and their role in improving soil phosphate solubility, yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.), and phosphorus fertilizers efficiency

Phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM) can improve soil P availability by dissolution. These make substances that regulate plant growth, which promotes growth. The present study aimed to characterize PSM and determine how application affected solubilization, phosphatase activity, upland rice yield. greenhouse experiment used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with two factors three replications. first factor was isolates, came in four different forms: without microbes, ( Burkholderia sp.), fungus Penicillium combination of sp. sp.). isolates were characterized analyze the production organic acids, enzymes, phytohormones. second superphosphate fertilizer dose, has levels: 0, 50, 75, 100 kg ha −1 . According characterization, it produced acids such as lactate acid, oxalate citric acetate well phytohormones (IAA) enzyme phosphatase. pot results show inoculation raised available phosphatase, content plant, decreased P, increased production. For improving yields, mixed inoculants phosphate-solubilizing bacteria fungi performed better. activity yields all improved applying at 75 This showed biofertilizer reduced dosage inorganic fertilizers up 25%.